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In plants SUMOylation has been shown to modulate plant hormo
2021-02-08

In plants, SUMOylation has been shown to modulate plant hormone signaling (Lois et al., 2003, Miura et al., 2009, Conti et al., 2014), root stem cell maintenance (Xu et al., 2013), and responses to abiotic and biotic stress (Lois, 2010). Many of the plant biological processes regulated by SUMOylatio
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br Synthesis and mechanism of
2021-02-08

Synthesis and mechanism of fluorescent DNA-CuNMs Application of fluorescent DNA-CuNMs Summary and conclusions In summary, we introduce recent research progress in the synthesis and various applications of DNA-CuNMs. DNA-CuNMs with novel catalytic, electrical and optical properties can be ob
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br Results br Discussion br Conclusions The present
2021-02-07

Results Discussion Conclusions The present study demonstrates that CRF1 receptor-deficiency prolongs whereas CRF2 receptor-deficiency shortens the duration of recognition memory deficits induced by morphine discontinuation, unraveling opposite roles for the two known CRF receptor subtypes i
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Astrocytes play a key role in the
2021-02-07

Astrocytes play a key role in the brain, as these cells are involved in fluid, ion, pH, and neurotransmitter homeostasis, synapse function, energy and metabolism and blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintenance (Sofroniew and Vinters, 2010). PA is able to activate different damaging responses in astrocytes
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br Activatable optical imaging probes
2021-02-07

Activatable optical imaging probes Optical fluorescence imaging, which directly detects photons emitted from fluorescent probes, has become as a powerful analytical method to study biological processes both in vitro and in vivo. It is characterized by high sensitivity, is free of radioactive irra
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br Results and Discussion br Experimental Procedures br Ackn
2021-02-07

Results and Discussion Experimental Procedures Acknowledgments The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is important for biological processes such as protein degradation and protein function regulation. In general, poly-ubiquitinated proteins are degraded by proteasomes, and some proteins ac
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In addition to cleaving ubiquitins off modified proteins DUB
2021-02-07

In addition to cleaving ubiquitins off modified proteins, DUBs can also cleave between ubiquitin moieties within a polyubiquitin chain to edit the ubiquitin signal. DUBs employ different strategies to recognize polyubiquitin (Figure 1). DUBs that rely only on interactions on the S1 site tend to be p
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br Methods br Results br Discussion Preclinical data
2021-02-07

Methods Results Discussion Preclinical data indicate that nepicastat modulates sympathetic drive to the 740 Y-P with a mild pressor effect in various animal models of hypertension (Stanney et al., 1998). However in this clinical study, the doses of nepicastat employed did not significantly
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The following is the supplementary data related to this
2021-02-07

The following is the supplementary data related to this article. Introduction Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) phosphorylates diacylglycerol (DG) to produce phosphatidic ARRY334543 (PA) (Baldanzi, 2014, Goto et al., 2006, Merida et al., 2008, Sakane et al., 2007, Topham and Epand, 2009). To date, te
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Two key enzymes play important roles
2021-02-07

Two key enzymes play important roles in the bioconversion of xylitol from d-arabitol, namely d-arabitol dehydrogenase (ArDH) and NADH-dependent xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH), respectively (Qi et al., 2014). In an earlier study, we developed a high xylitol yield strain by expressing xdh in E. coli BL21
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br Acknowledgements br This work was
2021-02-07

Acknowledgements This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.: 30260088) and the prophase research for National “973” Project of China (Grant No.: 2007CB116203). The DNA sequences of Hbvp1 and the Hbvp1 promoter were deposited in GenBank, an
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br Concluding Remarks Synthetic cytokine
2021-02-07

Concluding Remarks Synthetic cytokine biology has become an important research area with novel solutions and ideas for therapeutic approaches, for example, synthekines, fusokines, immunocytokines, neoleukins, MESA receptors, or synthetic Notch or cytokine receptors. In addition to their huge imp
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br Prostaglandin D PGD is derived from the metabolism of
2021-02-05

Prostaglandin D (PGD) is derived from the metabolism of arachidonic Palosuran australia by cyclooxygenases and downstream PGD synthases. In the immune system, PGD is mainly produced by mast cells but also although at lower levels, by macrophages and Th2 lymphocytes. PGD binds to three different re
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br Theory br Method To
2021-02-05

Theory Method To test our hypotheses as shown in Fig. 1, we conducted a survey at an international media company (hereafter referred to as ‘MediaCo’) headquartered in the UK. Its 5500 employees are dispersed throughout the world, partly due to massive acquisitions within the past decade. In ex
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br Progestogens and venous thromboembolism clinical data br
2021-02-05

Progestogens and venous thromboembolism: clinical data Progestogens and haemostatis: biological studies For many years, the effect of HT on haemostatis has been largely investigated in observational studies as well as in high evidence level studies among users of oral and transdermal estrogens
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